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Course: Art of the Americas to World War I > Unit 2
Lesson 14: Aztec (Mexica)- Introduction to the Aztecs (Mexica)
- More on the Aztecs (Mexica)
- Coatlicue
- Coatlicue
- Unearthing the Aztec past, the destruction of the Templo Mayor
- Templo Mayor at Tenochtitlan, the Coyolxauhqui Stone, and an Olmec Mask
- Codex Borgia
- Tlaloc vessel
- Serpent mask of Quetzalcoatl or Tlaloc
- The Sun Stone (The Calendar Stone)
- Coyolxauhqui Stone
- Monolith of Tlaltecuhtli (Earth Lord)
- Double-headed serpent
- The House of the Eagles, and sculptures of Mictlantecuhtli and Eagle Warrior
- Eagle Warrior (Mexica)
- Stone kneeling figure of Chalchiuhtlicue
- Mosaic mask of Tezcatlipoca
- Brazier of Chicomecoatl
- Sacrificial Knife with Mosaic Handle and Chalcedony Blade
- Aztec art and feasts for the dead
- Feathered headdress
- Aztec feathered headdress: backstory
- Remembering the Toxcatl Massacre: The Beginning of the End of Aztec Supremacy
- Painting Aztec History
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Brazier of Chicomecoatl
Mexica brazier of Chicomecoatl, c. 1500, ceramic, found in Tláhuac (south of Mexico City), 104 cm high (Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City)
A conversation between Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank and Dr. Steven Zucker. Created by Smarthistory.
Video transcript
(jazzy piano music) - [Steven] We're in the
National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, looking at one of four large ceramic braziers, vessels that were containers for burning. This one represents a goddess
associated with maize, with ripe corn. - [Lauren] The one we're
looking at is Chicomecoatl, or Seven Serpent. And she is a very popular deity in the Aztec or Mexica pantheon. And we see her not only in ceramic, but also in stone sculpture. - [Steven] The association
with maize is immediate. We can see that she's framing her face with four ears of corn. But this is such a
wonderfully dense sculpture. - [Lauren] Beyond
holding the ears of corn, which I should note are
red and dark blue or black, making reference to the
different types of maize, we see her face here behind the corn, her eyes painted looking out at us, her mouth open with these large ear spools and then framed by this fantastic and very elaborate headdress. - [Steven] Well, we know
that costume was tremendously important for the Aztecs, and
this is a great example of it. We can see, for instance,
four circles that would, in physical costume,
have been pleated paper. - [Lauren] Exactly, and so
while all of this is in ceramic it's referencing the
types of ritual regalia that would have been used. - [Steven] And this is exceptional
because we have so much of the polychrome, that is of the paint, of the color, that still survives. We can see reds and blues
and whites and blacks. - [Lauren] Which are some
of the primary colors that you see in Aztec art. And what's wonderful here is
not only that we have this elaborate headdress fairly intact, but also the rest of her
costume, like her skirt. In this very rectangular
block-like construction, much of the polychrome still exists where we have these red bands. - [Steven] It reminds me of architecture. It seems as if the
headdress is so elaborate, it is as if she is wearing a building. - [Lauren] They're almost obscuring or really downplaying the face. - [Steven] Although
the face is so present, she's coming out at us
with a kind of intensity that captures my attention. - [Lauren] This particular
face would have emphasized this experience that one
would have if you were to walk into a temple and to
see an object like this that's emitting burning
materials in its body. - [Steven] And the
smoke would be rising up from behind this, it would have
been tremendously dramatic. Corn is so central to the development of Mesoamerican culture - [Lauren] Maize is the staple food crop. And that is very true
of the Aztecs as well, because we don't only see
this particular goddess whose name again is Seven Serpent or Chicomecoatl in Nahuatl, but we see other versions
of maze deities like Xilonen who is the maize goddess
affiliated with young corn. And we even see corn in a
variety of other objects because as the cornerstone of the diet, it also became invested with these important sacred meanings. - [Steven] And the cobs themselves are so beautifully articulated. And it reminds me of so
many other sculptures by the Aztecs of other foodstuffs. In the same gallery this marvelous representation of a squash. And corn and squash together with beans create a perfect protein. - [Lauren] And so if we're
talking about this deity within the religious
practices of the Aztecs, they had a very active ritual calendar. And many of these monthly
festivals would revolve around maze deities,
including Seven Serpent here. - [Steven] And it would've
been on those feast days that corn would have been enjoyed. - [Lauren] And so there would
have been special tamales distributed to people to be
eaten during these festivals as a very potent, very
sensual in terms of using many different senses, reminder
of the centrality of maize. (jazzy piano music)